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Contents

Introduction
The Alphabet
The Writing System
Consonants
Vowels
Long Vowels
Short Vowels
Diphthongs
Additional Signs
Additional Notes on the Sounds of Urdu
Nouns
Gender of Nouns
Number, Case, and Types of Declension
Adjectives
Declension of Adjectives
Degrees of Comparison
Pronominal Adjectives
Numerals
Cardinal Numerals
Ordinal Numerals
Fractional Numerals
Pronouns
Personal Pronouns
Demonstrative Pronouns
Possessive Pronouns
Reflexive Pronouns
Relative Pronouns
Interrogative Pronouns
Indefinite Pronouns
Definite Pronouns
Verbs
The Verb 'to be'
Non-finite Verb Forms
Infinitives
Gerundives
Participles
The Absolutive
The Noun of Agency
Finite Verb Forms
The Indicative Mood
The Present Tense
The Imperfect Tense
The Present Continuous Tense
The Past Continuous Tense
The Preterit Tense
The Perfect Tense
The Pluperfect Tense
The Future Tense
The Subjunctive Mood
The Conditional Mood
The Imperative Mood
The Passive Voice
Compound Verbs
Postpositions
Adverbs
Pronominal Adverbs
Unpronominal Adverbs
Conjunctions
Particles
Sentence Structure
Simple Sentences
Compound Sentences
Some Important Urdu Constructions
Genuine and Borrowed Elements in Urdu
Common Expressions and Phrases
Time, Date
Geographical Terms
Weather Conditions
Directions/Signs/Warnings
Vegetables
Fruits
Shopping
Health/Medical Terms
Feelings
Colors

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