Personal Pronouns

In the Urdu language, there are personal pronouns for the first and the second person. Unlike English, Urdu has no pronoun for the third person. The demonstrative pronouns are used for this function instead. (See Demonstrative Pronouns.)

Personal pronouns inflect for number and case. The singular and plural forms have different stems. All the case forms of personal pronouns are given in the table below.

First Person

Case	Singular	Plural
Direct	میں maiN 'I'	ھم ham 'we'
Oblique	مجھ mujh	ھم ham

Second Person

Case	Singular	Plural
Direct	تو tuu 'you'	تم tum
Oblique	تجھ tujh	تم tum

Each pronoun also has a special dative form that is different from the oblique form:

مجھے

mujhe 'to me'

تجھے

tujhe 'to you' (literally: 'to thee')

ھمیں

hameN 'to us'

تمہیں

tumheN 'to you'

The pronoun تو tuu is seldom used in the modern language. Instead, تم tum often functions as the second person singular pronoun. The pronounھم ham can also be used in the singular instead of میں maiN. n the plural, the word log 'people' is often added to the pronouns in order to emphasize the plurality:

ھم لوگ

ham log 'we' (literally: 'we people')

تم لوگ

tum log 'you' (literally: 'you people')

The pronoun آپ aap can also function as a honorific personal pronoun, equivalent to the English pronoun you or he/she in the honorific use. In this situation, the verb, which agrees with the pronoun, is always in the third person plural:

آپ کون ھیں؟

aap kaun haiN?

'Who are you?'

Third Person Demonstrative Pronouns Used as Personal Pronouns

The pronoun یہ yah is used when the person or object referred to is nearby, and the pronoun وہ vah is used when the person or object is far away.

	Singular	Plural
Direct	یہ yah 'he/she/it'	یہ yah 'they'
Oblique	اِس is 'him/her/it'	اِن in 'them'

	Singular	Plural
Direct	وه vah 'he/she/it'	وه vah 'they'
Oblique	اُس us 'him/her/it'	اُن un 'them'

The pronouns یہ yah and وہ vah have special dative forms: اِسے ise 'to this, to him, to her' and اُسے use 'to that, to him, to her' in the singular and اِنہیں inheN 'to these, to them' and اُنہیں unheN 'to those, to them' in the plural.

Before the postposition نے ne, the demonstrative pronouns also have special forms: اِنہوں inhoN and اُنہوں unhoN respectively.