Present participle can be translated into English with participles. They are produced by adding the suffixes [-únkay] ونْکَی - (for singular masculine), [-únke] ونْکې - (for singular feminine), [-únki] ونْکى - (for the plural of both gender).
Regular simple verbs and transitive verbs with suffixes produce their present participles from one stem.
"to throw" - اَچَوٌل → ""throwing" - اَچَوُونْکَی (masculine)
"to convey" - رَسَوٌل → "conveying" - رَسَوُونْکَی (masculine)
"to spend" - تېرَوٌل → "spending" - تېرَوُونْکَی (masculine)
Irregular simple verbs and intransitive verbs with suffixes produce their present participles from their past stem.
"to take" - اَخیسْتٌل → "taking" - اَخیسْتُونْکَی (masculine)
"to arrive" - رَسېدٌل → "arriving" - رَسېدُونْکَی (masculine)
"to age" - زَړېدٌل → "aging" - زَړېدُونْکَی (masculine)
Special simple verbs produce their present participles from the imperfective stem:
"to do" - کَوٌل→ "doing" - کَوُونْکَی (masculine)
"to become" - کېدٌل → "becoming" - کېدُونْکَی (masculine)
"to go" - تْلٌل → "going" - تْلُونْکَی (masculine)
"to come" - راتْلٌل → "coming" - راتْلُونْکَی (masculine)
"to drive" - بیوٌل → "driving" - بیوُونْکَی (masculine)
"to take away" - وْړٌل → "taking away" - وْړُونْکَی (masculine)
"to put" - ایښُودٌل → "putting" - ایښُودُونْکَی (masculine)
Verbs with prefixes produce their present participles according to the type of original verb:
"to come in" - نٌنَوَتٌل → "coming in" - نٌنَوَتُونْکَی (masculine)
"to give" - وَرْکَوٌل → "giving" - وَرْکَوُونْکَی (masculine)
Compound verbs produce their present participles according to the type of auxiliary verb:
"to meet" - لیدٌنَه کَوٌل → "meeting" - لیدٌنَه کَوُونْکَی (masculine
"to move away" - لیرې کېدٌل → "moving away" - لیرې کېدُونْکَی (masculine).
Denominative verbs can have two types of present participles:
"spending" - تېرَوُونْکَی or تېر کَوُونْکَی
"aging" - زَړېدُونْکَی or زَړ کېدُونْکَی .
Present participles are declined like adjectives ending in [-ay] ی. The singular forms of both genders in the indirect case have the ending [-i] ى. The plural forms have the ending [-o] و .
("throwing" - achawúnkay اَچَوُونْکَی , "spending" - terawúnkay تېرَوُونْکَی , "doing" - kawúnkay کَوُونْکَی , "becoming" - kedúnkay کېدُونْکَی )
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Case |
Singular Number |
Plural Number |
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Masculine |
Feminine |
Masculine |
Feminine |
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Direct |
achawúnkay - اَچَوُونْکَی terawúnkay -تېرَوُونْکَی kawúnkay- کَوُونْکَی kedúnkay - کېدُونْکَی |
achawúnke - اَچَوُونْکې terawúnke -تېرَوُونْکې kawúnke- کَوُونْکې kedúnke - کېدُونْکې |
achawúnki - اَچَوُونْکى terawúnki -تېرَوُونْکى kawúnki- کَوُونْکى kedúnki - کېدُونْکى |
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Indirect |
achawúnki - اَچَوُونْکى terawúnki -تېرَوُونْکى kawúnki- کَوُونْکى kedúnki - کېدُونْکى |
achawúnko - اَچَوُونْکُو terawúnko -تېرَوُونْکُو kawúnko- کَوُونْکُو kedúnko - کېدُونْکو |
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See Also: