Verbs in the pluperfect tense denote actions completed before a certain moment in the past. This tense can be translated into English with the past perfect tense. The pluperfect verb forms are produced by combining a past participle with the past tense form of a linking verb.
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Person |
Number |
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Singular |
Plural |
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First |
"I (man) had gone" - [zA tlÁlay wAm] زٌه تْلٌلَی وٌم "I (woman) had gone" - [zA tlÁle wAm ] زٌه تْلٌلې وٌم "he had called me (man)" - [dA zA balÁ́lay wAm] دٌه زٌه بَلٌلَی وٌم "he had called me (woman)" - [dA zA balÁle wAm] دٌه زٌه بَلٌلې وٌم |
"we (men) had gone"- [muGh tlÁli wu ] مُوږ تْلٌلى وُو "we (women) had gone" - [muGh tlÁle wu ] مُوږ تْلٌلې وُو "he had called us (men)"-[dA muGh balÁli wu ] دٌه مُوږ بَلٌلى وُو "he had called us (women)" - [dA muGh balÁle wu ] دٌه مُوږ بَلٌلې وُو |
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Second |
"you (man) had gone" - [tA tlÁlay we] تٌه تْلٌلَی وې "you (woman) had gone" - [tA tlÁle we] تٌه تْلٌلې وې "he had called you (man)" - [dA tA balÁlay we] دٌه تٌه بَلٌلَی وې "he has called you (woman)" - [dA tA balÁle we] دٌه تٌه بَلٌلې وې |
"you (men) had gone" - [taáse tlÁli waast ] تاسی تْلٌلى واست "you (women) had gone" - [taáse tlÁle waast ] تاسی تْلٌلې واست "he had called you (men)" - [dA taáse balÁli waast ] دٌه تاسی بَلٌلى واست "he had called you (women)" - [dA taáse balÁle waast ] دٌه تاسی بَلٌلې واست |
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Third |
"he (man) had gone" - [day tlÁlay wu ] دَی تْلٌلَی و "she (woman) had gone" - [daa tlÁle wa] دا تْلٌلې وَه "I had called him" - [maa day balÁlay wu] ما دَی بَلٌلَی و "I have called her" - [maa daa balÁle wa] ما دا بَلٌلې وَه |
"they (men) had gone" - [duy tlÁli wu ]دُوی تْلٌلى وُو "they (women) had gone" - [duy tlÁle we]دُوی تْلٌلې وې "I had called them (men)" - [maa duy balÁli wu ] ما دُوی بَلٌلى وُو "I had called them (women)" - [maa duy balÁle we ] ما دُوی بَلٌلې وې |
The negative forms in the pluperfect tense are produced by adding the stressed negative particle "not" - نَه between the past participle and the past tense form of the linking verb. In informal speech, the past participle and the linking verb can change places.
"he (man) had not gone" - [day tlÁlay ná wu] دَی تْلٌلَی نه وُ
or [day ná wu tlÁlay] دَی نَه وُ تْلٌلَی
Modal Pluperfect Form
The modal pluperfect form denotes a customary, repeated action completed before a certain moment in the past. It can also denote disapproval of somebody's actions and can be translated into English as "ought to" + verb. For example:
"You ought to come earlier." - تاسی بٌه ژٌر راغٌلَی واسْت.
"He ought to read this book." - دٌه بٌه دَغَه کِتاب لْوَسْتٌلَی وُ .
See Also: