Subjunctive Mood

The subjunctive mood shows that the action or state expressed by the verb is presented as a non-fact, as something imaginary or desired.

The present tense in the subjunctive mood has no fully corresponding tense in English. It can be translated into English with the present subjunctive tense, the simple present tense, or the infinitive. In Pashto, the present subjunctive verb form is used in subordinate clauses after modal words and phrases such as " to want" - غُوښْتٌل , "must" - باید , "maybe" - کېدای شى or مُمْکِنَه دَه , and "may" - اِجازَه ده .

For example:

"May I come in?" - [ijaaza da che nÁnawuzAm ] اِجازَه دَه چی نٌنَوُزٌم ؟

"I want to eat bread." - [zA ghwaáRAm che DoDÁy wúkhorAm] زٌه غْواړٌم چی ډُوډۍ وُخُورٌم.

Regular and irregular simple verbs produce their present subjunctive forms from their present stems by adding the stressed prefix [wú-] وُ- .

Regular and Irregular Verbs

("to agree" - manÁl مَنٌل , "to take" - اَخیسْتٌل )

Person	Number
Person	Singular	Plural
First	"I would agree" - [zA wúmanAm] زٌه وُمَنٌم "I would take" - [zA wákhlAm] زٌه وَاخْلٌم	"we would agree" - [muGh wúmanu] مُوږ وُمَنُو "we would take" - [muGh wákhlu] مُوږ وَاخْلُو
Second	"you would agree" - [tA wúmane] تٌه وُمَنې "you would take" - [tA wákhle] تٌه وَاخْلې	"you would agree" - [taáse wúmanAy] تاسی وُمَنۍ "you would take" - [taáse wákhlAy] تاسی وَاخْلۍ
Third	"he (she) would agree" - [day (daa) wúmani] دَی (دا) وُمَنى "he (she) would take" - [day (daa) wákhli] دَی (دا) وَاخْلى	"they would agree" - [duy wúmani] دُوی وُمَنى "they would take" - [duy wákhli] دُوی وَاخْلى

The negative forms are produced by adding the negative particle "not" - نَه between the prefix [wú-] وُ and the stem:

"I would not agree" - [zA wunámanAm] زٌه وُنَه مَنٌم

"we would not write" - [muGh wunáliku] مُوږ وَنَه لیکُو

Special simple verbs produce present their subjunctive forms in several ways.

a) The verb "to do" - کَوٌل forms the present subjunctive from the perfective stem with the prefix [wú-] وُ

b) The verb "to become" کېدٌل forms the present subjunctive from the subjunctive stem with the prefix [wú-] وُ .

c) The verbs "to drive" - بیوٌل , "to take away" - وْړٌل , and "to come" - راتْلٌل form the present subjunctive from their subjunctive stems.

d) The verb "to go" - تْلٌل forms the present subjunctive from the combination of the perfective stem and the subjunctive stem of the verb "to become" - کېدٌل :

Special Simple Verbs

( "to drive" - بیوٌل , "to take away" - وْړٌل , "to come" -راتْلٌل , "to go" - تْلٌل)

Person	Number
Person	Singular	Plural
First	"I would drive" - [zA bózAm] زٌه بُوزٌم "I would take away" - [zA yósAm] زٌه یُوسٌم "I would come" - [zA raáshAm] زٌه راشٌم "I would go" - [zA wlaaR shAm] زٌه وْلاړ شٌم	"we would drive" - [muGh bózu] مُوږ بُوزُو "we would take away" - [muGh yósu] مُوږ یُوسُو "we would come" - [muGh raáshu] مُوږ راشُو "we would go" - [muGh wlaaR shu] مُوږ وْلاړ شُو
Second	"you would drive" - [tA bóze] تٌه بُوزې "you would take away" - [tA yóse] تٌه یُوسې "you would come" -[tA raáshe] تٌه راشې "you would go" - [tA wlaaR she] تٌه وْلاړ شې	"you would drive" - [taáse bózAy ] تاسی بُوزۍ "you would take away" - [taáse yósAy] تاسی یُوسۍ "you would come" - [taáse raáshAy] تاسی راشۍ "you would go" - [taáse wlaaR shAy] تاسی وْلاړ شۍ
Third	"he (she) would drive" - [day (daa) bózi] دَی (دا) بُوزى "he (she) would take away" - [day (daa) yósi] دَی (دا) یُوسى "he (she) would come" - [day (daa) raáshi] دَی (دا) راشى "he (she) would go" - [day (daa) wlaaR shi] دَی وْلاړ شى	"they would drive" - [duy bózi] دُوی بُوزى "they would take away" - [duy yósi] دُوی یُوسى "they would come" - [duy raáshi] دُوی راشى "they would go" - [duy wlaaR shi] دُوی وْلاړ شى

The negative forms are produced by adding the negative particle "not" - نَه in several ways:

"you would not go" - [tA wlaaR na she] تٌه وْلاړ نَه شې

"I would not take away" - [zA yó na sAm] زٌه یُونَه سٌم

Verbs with prefixes produce their present subjunctive forms from the present stem and shift the stress to the prefix. Verbs formed from the verb "to do" - کول produce their present subjunctive forms from the perfective stem. Verbs produced from the verb "to become" -کېدل

Verbs with Prefixes

("to come in" - نٌنَوَتٌل , "to give" - وَرْکَوٌل , "to cut" - پْرېکېدٌل )

Person	Number
Person	Singular	Plural
First	"I would come in" - [zA nÁnawuzAm] زٌه نٌنَوُزٌم "I would cut" - [zA préshAm] زٌه پْرېشٌم "I would give" - [zA wárkRAm] زٌه وَرْکْړٌم	"we would come in" - [muGh nÁnawuzu ]مُوږ نٌنَوُزُو "we would cut" - [muGh préshu ] مُوږ پْرېشُو "we would give" - [muGh wárkRu ]مُوږ وَرْکْړُو
Second	"you would come in" - [tA nÁnawuze] تٌه نٌنَوُزې "you would cut" - [tA préshe] تٌه پْرېشې "you would give " - [tA wárkRe] تٌه وَرْکْړې	"you would come in" - [taáse nÁnawuzAy] تاسی نٌنَوُزۍ "you would cut" - [taáse préshAy] تاسی پْرېشۍ "you would give" - [taáse wárkRAy ] تاسی وَرْکْړۍ
Third	"he (she) would come in" - [day (daa) nÁnawuzi] دَی (دا) نٌنَوُزى "he (she) would cut" - [day (daa) préshi] دَی (دا) پْرېشى "he (she) would give" - [day (daa) wárkRi] دَی (دا) وَرْکْړى	"they would come in" - [duy nÁnawuzi ] دُوی نٌنَوُزى "they would cut" - [duy préshi ] دُوی پْرېشى "they would give" - [duy wárkRi ] دُوی وَرْکْړى

The negative forms are produced by adding the stressed negative particle "not" - نَه before the verb or between the prefix and the stem:

"you would not cut" - [tÁ prena she] تٌه پْر نَه ېشې

"I would not give it" - [zA ye warnákRAm] زٌه ېې وَرْنَه کْړٌم

Completely joint verbs that use suffixes produce their present subjunctive forms from their present stems with the prefix [wú-]. In subjunctive mood not completely joint ones will divide into nominal part and subjunctive stem of the auxiliary verbs "to do" - کَوٌل → کْړٌل and "to become" - کېدٌل → شْوٌل . The nominal part of intransitive verbs agrees in gender with the subject of the sentence, while the nominal part of transitive verbs agrees with the direct object.

For example, in the sentence "I would build a palace." - [zA maaNÁy jóRa kRAm] زٌه ماڼۍ جُوړَه کْړٌم , the nominal part - جُوړَه agrees with the direct object - ماڼۍ, which is a feminine noun.

Verbs with Suffixes

("to arrive" - رَسېدٌل , "to age" - زَړېدٌل , "to build" - جُوړَوٌل )

Person	Number
Person	Singular	Plural
First	"I would arrive" - [zA wúraseGhAm] زٌه وُرَسېږٌم "I (man) would age" - [zA zoR shAm] زٌه زُوړ شٌم "I (woman) would age" - [zA zaRá shAm] زٌه زَړَه شٌم "I would build" - [zA joR kRAm] زٌه جُوړ کْړٌم	"we would arrive" - [muGh wúraseGhu] مُوږ وُرَسېږُو "we (man) would age" - [muGh zaaRÁ shu] مُوږ زاړٌه شو "we (woman) would age" - [muGh zaRé shu] مُوږ زَړې شو "we would build" - [muGh joR kRu] مُوږ جُوړ کْړُو
Second	"you would arrive" - [tA wúraseGhe] تٌه وُرَسېږې "you (man) would age" - [tA zoR she] تٌه زُوړ شې "you (woman) would age" - [tA zaRá she] تٌه زَړَه شې "you would build" - [tA joR kRe] تٌه جُوړ کْړې	"you would arrive" - [taáse wúraseGhAy] تاسی وُرَسېږۍ "you (man) would age" - [taáse zaaRÁ shAy] تاسی زاړٌه شۍ "you (woman) would age" - [taáse zaRé shAy] تاسی زَړې شۍ "you would build" - [taáse joR kRAy] تاسی جُوړ کْړۍ
Third	"he (she) would arrive" - [day (daa) wúraseGhi ] دَی (دا) وُرَسېږى "he would age" - [day zoR shi] دَی زُوړ شى "she would age" - [daa zaRá shi] دا زَړَه شى "he (she) would build" - [day (daa) joR kRi] دَی (دا) جُوړ کْړى	"they would arrive" - [duy wúraseGhi] دُوی وُرَسېږى "they (men) would age" - [duy zaaRÁ shi] دُوی زاړٌه شى "they (women) would age" - [duy zaRé shi ] دُوی زَړې شى "they would build" - [duy joR kRi ] دُوی جُوړ کْړى

The negative forms are produced by adding the negative particle "not" - نَه before the verb, between the prefix and the stem in completely joint verbs, or between the nominal part and the auxiliary verb in denominative verbs.

"I would not arrive" - [zA ná wuraseGhAm] زٌه نَه وُرَسېږٌم

"he would not arrive" - [day wúnaraseGhi] دَی وُنَه رَسېږى

"we would not build" - [muGh joR na kRu] مُوږ جُوړ نَه کْړُو

Compound verbs produce their present subjunctive forms by declining the present subjunctive stems of the auxiliary verbs "to do" - کَوٌل and "to become" - کېدٌل . When the nominal part of the word is a verbal noun, the auxiliary verbs also use the prefix [wu-] وُ .

Compound Verbs

("to move away" - لیرې کېدٌل , "to level" - سَمُون وَرْکَوٌل )

Person	Number
Person	Singular	Plural
First	"I would move away" - [zA líre shAm] زٌه لیری شٌم "I would level" - zA samún wárkRAm زٌه سَمُون وَرْکْړٌم	"we would move away" - [muGh lire shu ] مُوږ لیری شُو "we would level" - [muGh samún wárkRu ] مُوږ سَمُون وَرْکْړُو
Second	"you would move away" - [tA líre she] تٌه لیری شې "you would level" - [tA samún wárkRe ] تٌه سَمُون وَرْکْړې	"you would move away" - [taáse líre shAy ] تاسی لیرې شۍ "you would level" - [taáse samún wúkRAy ] تاسی سَمُون وَرْکْړۍ
Third	"he (she) would move away" - [day (daa) líre shi] دَی (دا) لیری شى "he (she) would level" - [day (daa) samún wárkRi ] دَی (دا) سَمُون وَرْکْړې	"they would move away" - [duy líre shi] دُوی لیری شى "they would level it" - [duy samún wárkRi ] دُوی سَمُون وَرْکْړى

The negative forms are produced by inserting the negative particle "not" - نَه between the nominal part and the auxiliary verb or between the prefix and the stem.

"I would not move away" - [zA líre na shAm] زٌه لیری نَه شٌم

"you would not level" - [tA samún warnákRe] تٌه سَمُون وَرْنَه کْړې

Past Subjunctive Form

A verb in the past tense of the subjunctive mood denotes a supposition connected with past. It is used after modal words and phrases like "maybe" - کېدای شى or مُمْکِنَه دَه . The past subjunctive form is a combination of a past participle and the verb "to be" - وى in the third person. The modal perfect form has the same function in the first and second person. (See Modal Perfect Form).

For example:

"Maybe they (men) went." - مُمْکِنَه دَه چی دُوی تْلٌلى وى .

"Maybe they (women) went." - مُمْکِنَه دَه چی دُوی تْلٌلې وى .