Dari has two main types of word formation: the combination of two words placed together with or without a linking letter and the combination of a word with a prefix or suffix.
The two nouns combination:
"newspaper (lit. day paper)" روزنامه
"headquarters (lit. order place)" قرارگاه
"hotel (lit. guest house)" مهمان خانه
"climate (lit. water and air) " آب و هوا
"24 hours (night-day)" شباروز
The noun and adjective combination:
"New Year (lit. new day)" نوروز
"sweet-smelling (lit. well smell)" خوشبو
"proud (lit. head high)" سربلند
"coat (lit. over put)" بالاپوش
The preposition and noun combination:
"uncivil (lit. without kindness)" بی ادب
"vanguard (forward step) " پیشقدم
The verbal stem and noun combination:
"cook (lit. food cooker)" آشپز
"prince (lit. king born)" شاهزاده
"glove (lit. hand pull)" دستکش
" towel (lit. hand rubber)" دستمال
The verbal stem and adjective combination:
"speedy (lit. fast going)" تیزرو
"slow (lit. slow going)" کندرو
"optimist (lit. good seeing)" خوشبین
The two verbal stems combination:
"conversation (literally it is something like: said-say) "گفتگو
"traffic (lit. went and came)" رفت و آمد
"search (literally it is something like: looked-look (for)" جستجو
Abstract nouns are formed by adding the suffix ی i that carries the stress, which distinguishes it from the Indefinite suffix ی i :
"goodness" )good - خوبی (خوب
"manliness" )man - (مرد مردی
"beauty" )beautiful - (زیبا زیبایی
"childhood" )child - (بچه بچگی
Verbal nouns are formed by the addition of the suffixes ش esh, اک aak, ه a, ار aar to the verbal stems:
"effort"کوشیدن (the present stem کوش) کوشش
"food" خوردن(the present stem خور) خوراک
"laugh" خندیدن(the present stem خند) خنده
"speech) گفتن "the past stem گفت) گفتار
"buyer") خریدن the past stem خرید) خریدار
The following suffixes are also used to form nouns:بان "keeper," کار, گر ,گار "worker," دانی "receptacle," ستان "place" :
"gardener" )garden - باغبان (باغ
"servant" (service - خدمتکار (خدمت
"ironsmith" (iron - آهنگر (آهن
"sugar-bowl" (sugar - شکردانی (شکر
"flower garden" ( flower - گلستان (گل
The following suffixes are used to form adjectives: ا (for verbal adjectives), مند "possessed," وار and ور "characterized by," سان "like," ناک and گین "full of," غیر "un-," نا (the negative particle) :
"wise" ("to know" دانستن - (the present stem دان) دانا
"powerful" ("can, may" توانستن - (the present stem توان) توانا
"flaming" (flame - شعله ور (شعله
"great" (great - بزرگوار (بزرگ
"equal" (one - یکسان (یک
"sorrowful" (sorrow - غمگین (غم
"painful" (pain - دردناک (درد
"ignorant" ("to know" دانستن - (the present stem) نادان (دان
"mean person" (person - ناکس (کس
"unofficial"(official - غیر رسمی (رسمی
See Also: