Adverbs in Dari, as in English, are parts of speech that modify a verb, adjective, or another adverb and express time, place, manner, or degree. Dari has no formally distinct adverbs (except some borrowed from Arabic).
In some cases, the following parts of speech can be used as adverbs:
nouns and adjectives that do not change their forms:
(noun lit. night)) "at night" شب
(noun) "yesterday" دیروز
(noun) "tomorrow" فردا
(adjective) "good" خوب
(adjective) "late" دیر
(adjective) "little" کم
(adjective) "more, much" زیاد
In Dari sentences, nouns and adjectives can be used as adverbial modifiers:
"Don't speak a lot." .زیاد گپ نزن
"Well said. (lit. You said well.)" .خوب گفتید
"They are late. (lit. They came late.)" آنها دیر آمدند.
Nouns combined with prepositions:
"day by day" روز به روز
"year by year" سال به سال
"quickly (lit. with fastness)" به زودی
"for a long time (lit. from far away)" از دور
In Dari sentences, nouns combined with prepositions can be used as adverbial modifiers:
"Come back quickly. (lit. Come back with fastness.)" .به زودی پس بیایید
"It can be seen from far away." .از دور معلوم می شود
The same participle, noun, or adjective can be repeated twice:
"gradually (duplication of a past participle lit. gone-gone)" رفته رفته
"slowly, step by step (duplication of an Adjective lit. slow-slow)" آهسته آهسته
"in groups (duplication of a Noun lit. group-group)" دسته دسته
"quickly (duplication of an Adjective lit. fast-fast)" زود زود
In Dari sentences, that kind of participle, noun, or adjective can be also used as an adverbial modifier:
"He studies it step by step. (lit. slow-slow)" .آهسته آهسته آن را یاد می گیرد
"They left quickly. (lit. fast-fast) " .زود زود رفتند.
The suffix انه aana, added to both nouns and adjectives, usually has an adverbial meaning.
"friendly" ("friend" دوست ) دوستانه
"daily, at the day-time" ("day" روز ) روزانه
"adversely, with hostility" ("enemy" خصم ) خصمانه
In Dari sentences, nouns and adjectives added the suffix انه aana also can be used as adverbial modifiers:
"Come during the day." .روزانه بیایید
"He treated him with hostility." .به او خصمانه برخورد کرد
Some Dari words borrowed from Arabic have اً alef-tanwin. These words are widely used in Dari as adverbs:
"approximately" تقریباً
"completely" کاملاً
"for example" مثلاً
In Dari, these Arabic words are mostly written without the tanwin:
"usually", معمولا
"in writing", کتبا
"absolutely": اصلا
These Arabic words also can be used as adverbial modifiers:
"Do you make the exercise in writing?" این تمرین را کتباً اجرا می کنید؟
"He understands absolutely nothing." .اصلاً هیچ چیز را نمی فهمد
The کی aki suffix is commonly used in informal speech to form adverbs:
(suffix) کی +"night (noun)" شب = "at night-time" شبکی
(suffix) کی +"afternoon (noun)" دیگر = "in the afternoon" دیگرکی
See Also: