Composite sentences are sentences containing two or more simple sentences (called clauses).
Dari has several kinds of composite sentences, including indirect statements, questions, wishes and commands, consecutive clauses, final purpose clauses, results, and relative clauses.
Indirect statements and questions follow the main sentence and are preceded by the particle که ke "that," which is inserted after the main verb. The statement or question follows in its original form without the sequence of tenses:
او پرسان کرد که بکسش کجا است.
"She asked where her bag was (lit. where her bag is)"
آنها گفتند که حاضر استند.
"They said that they were ready (lit. they are ready) ."
Wishes and commands are usually introduced by the particle که ke "that, to" and have the subordinate verb placed in the subjunctive present:
من می خواهم که پیش شما بیایم.
"I want to come to your place." (lit. I want that I may come)
رئیس امر داد که آنها اینجا بمانند.
"The chief ordered them to stay here." (lit. …ordered that they must stay…)
Consecutive clauses (which represent logical results or conclusions) are introduced by inserting expressions such as این طور "that manner," قدر (آن) این "this (that) amount". The subordinate verbs are placed in the past tense or present tense for definite consequences or in the subjunctive for indefinite consequences:
او این قدر زبان را نمی فهمد که ما را درس بدهد.
"He doesn't know the language enough to teach us."
(Lit. He enough …doesn't know… to teach (Subjunctive lit. can teach) …)
او طوری گپ می زد که همه او را شنیدند.
"She spoke so that everybody heard her."
(Lit. She so spoke that everybody heard (Past) her)
Final purpose clauses are usually introduced by the particle تا taa "so that, in order to" or که ke "that". However, both of these particles may also be omitted. The subordinate verb is placed in the subjunctive present:
من آمدم که نان بخورم.
"I came to have my diner"
(Lit. I came in order to have (may have) my diner)
آنها از این راه رفتند تا زودتر برسند.
"They went by this way to arrive sooner."
(Lit. They went…to arrive (may arrive) sooner)
Result clauses can also be indicated by the particle تا taa with the meaning "until, till":
اینجا منتظر من باش تا پس بیایم.
"Wait for me here till I come (lit. may come) back."
او بسیار زحمت کشید تا کارش خلاص شد.
"He made a lot until his work was finished."
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