Conditional sentences qualify the conditions required for the action expressed by the verb of the main clause.
Conditional sentences are introduced by اگر agar "if" and may be of two kinds: those expressing possible conditions and those expressing impossible conditions.
Sentences expressing possible conditions that refer to the future take the subjunctive present in the if clause:
. اگر آنها بیایند من به آنها راجع به این می گویم
"If they come I shall tell them about it."
(Lit. If they may come…)
اگر او این کتاب را به تو بدهد آن را بخوان.
"If he gives you this book, read it."
(Lit. If he may give…)
Sentences expressing possible conditions that refer to the present (an action that is actually taking place) take the present in the if clause:
اگر او مریض است نخواهد آمد.
"If she is ill, she will not come."
اگر او کار می کند البته پول دارد.
"If he has a job (lit. works), he surely has money."
Sentences expressing possible conditions that refer to the past take the subjunctive in the past in the if clause:
اگر نرفته باشد این چیز را به او بده.
"If he has not gone, give it to him"
(Lit. If he may have not gone…)
اگر آن را کرده باشند از آنها تشکر می کنیم.
"If they have done it, we will thank them."
(Lit. If they may have done it…)
Sentences expressing impossible conditions take the imperfect in both clauses, whether referring to the past or present:
اگر پول داشتم آن را می خریدم
"If I had money, I would have bought it."
(In the imperfect form of the verbs داشتن "to have" and بودن "to be", the prefix می mii is almost always omitted.)
اگر آنها می آمدند آن را به آنها می دادیم
"If they came, we would give it to them."
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