The passive voice in Dari corresponds to the passive voice in English, but uses another auxiliary verb.
The passive voice is formed by adding the auxiliary verbشدن "to become" to the past participle of the main verb. Most commonly, this type of passive voice involves only simple verbs:
Infinitive ساخته شدن "to be built"
past participle ساخته شده "built"
preterit ساخته شد "was built"
imperfect ساخته می شد "was being built"
perfect ساخته شده است "have been built"
pluperfect ساخته شده بود "had been built"
present ساخته میشود "is being built"
subjunctive present ساخته شود "may be built"
imperative ساخته شو (شوید) "be built"
subjunctive past ساخته شده باشد "may have been built"
future ساخته خواهد شد "will be built"
The passive voice can be used in sentences like the following:
"When was it built?" این چه وقت ساخته شده بود؟
" The book has been written."کتاب نوشته شده است.
"It may have been cooked, I suppose." به نظرم پخته شده باشد.
The Negative is formed by adding the negative prefix نه na "not" to the auxiliary verb شدن "to become" in the usual way:
"It hadn't been built" ساخته نشده بود
"It will not be said" گفته نخواهد شد
"Don't be tired" خسته نشو (نشوید)
With compound verbs, the difference between active and passive meaning lies in the particular verb chosen (as illustrated below):
"to be translated" ترجمه شدن "to translate" ترجمه کردن
" to be corrected " اصلاح شدن "to correct" اصلاح کردن
"to be fulfilled" انجام گرفتن "to fulfill" انجام دادن
"to be established" قرار گرفتن "to establish" قرار دادن
"to be continued" ادامه داشتن "to continue" ادامه دادن
"to be modified " تغییر کردن "to modify" تغییر دادن
"to move" حرکت کردن "to move (something)" حرکت دادن
Note that the verb کردن"to do" (and its most commonly used synonym نمودن (نما) as a rule conveys active meaning, but only in the case of transitive verbs.
When used as a part of non-transitive compound verbs, it cannot be viewed as an active marker. In that situation, other verbs are used to indicate the active mode of action:
"to develop" انکشاف کردن "to develop (something)" انکشاف دادن
" to move " حرکت کردن " to move (something)" حرکت دادن
On the other hand, the verb شدن "to become" (and its most commonly used synonym
(گرد)گردیدن) has a distinct passive meaning when used in compound predicates.
When the nominal part of the compound is an Arabic active participle, it imparts an active transitive meaning to the whole predicate:
"to mention (something)" متذکر شدن
"to capture (something)" متصرف شدن
See Also: