Pronoun enclitics are pronouns that are dependant for their stress on the preceding word, with which they are often combined. They have the same plural form in the first and second person and the same form for the singular and plural number in the third person. These pronouns have no gender and no indirect case.
|
Person |
Singular Number |
Plural Number |
|
First |
"me, my" - [mi] مى |
"us, our, you, your" - [mo] مُو |
|
Second |
"you, your" -[di] دى |
|
|
Third |
"him, his, her, it, its, them, their" - [ye] یی |
|
Pronoun enclitics can be used:
a) as subjects in ergative constructions:
"Where did you study Pashto?"- پَښْتُو دې چیری زْدَه کْړَه ؟
b) as objects in nominative constructions:
"Cherry is tasty. I'll eat it." - آلُوبالُو خْواږٌه دى . زٌه بٌه یی وُخُورٌم.
c) as attributes to a noun to denote a possessive function:
"What is the name of your mother?" - دٌ مُور نُوم دې څٌه دۍ ؟
The third person enclitics can also be used in combination with the prepositions "from" - تٌر ( "from him, her, it" etc. تٌر+ یی= تْرې ) and "on" - پٌر ( "on him, her, it" etc. پر+ یی= پرې ):
"This lumber is good. I built a house from it. - دَغَه لَرْگى ښٌه دى . ما تْرې کُور جُوړ کْړ.
"I stood near a table and put a book on it. -
زٌه مېز تَه نٌږدې وْلاړ وٌم اَو کِتاب می پرې کېښُود .
Pronoun enclitics have are placed after the first word in a sentence or after the particle بٌه if it is used. (See Syntax.) They can also be inserted into verbs. (See Verbs.)
See Also: