Personal pronouns are divided by person (first person, second person, and third person), as well as by number (singular and plural).
All of the singular pronouns have a form for the indirect case. Second person plural pronouns have two variations for the direct and indirect cases. Third person singular pronouns have gender - they can be either masculine ("he" - [day] دی ) or feminine ("she" - [daa] دا ). The demonstrative pronoun "that" hágha هَغَه is often used as a third person singular pronoun. (See Demonstrative Pronouns.)
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Person |
Singular |
Plural |
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|
Direct Case |
Indirect Case |
Direct Case |
Indirect Case |
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First |
"I" - [zA] زٌه |
"me" - [maa] ما |
"we, us" - [muGh] مُوږ |
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Second |
"you" - [tA] تٌه |
[taa] - تا |
"you" -taáse تاسی , taáso - تاسُو |
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Third |
"he" - [day] دَی "she" - [daa] دا |
"him" - [dA] ده "her" - [de] دې |
"they, them" - [duy] دُوی |
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Personal pronouns in the direct case can act:
a) as subjects in nominative constructions:
"I am a teacher." - زٌه ښُوُونْکَی یم.
b) as objects in ergative constructions (see Syntax):
"She called me." - دې زٌه وُبَلٌلٌم.
Pronouns the in indirect case can act:
a) as objects in nominative constructions:
"You make me happy by visiting me." - تاسی ما په خپلو راتلو خوشحاله کړۍ .
b) as subjects in ergative constructions:
"I took a needle." - ما سْتٌن واخیسْتٌلَه.
c) in combination with prepositions and postpositions:
"Tell me." - ما ته ووایه.
See Also: