Demonstrative Pronouns

Pashto has the following demonstrative pronouns: "this" -دا , دَغَه and "that" - هَغَه . These pronouns do not change for gender and number in the direct case:

"this girl" - دا نْجٌلۍ , "this boy" - دا هَلٌک , "these boys" - دا هَلٌکان

"this man" - دَغَه سَړَی , "this woman" - دَغَه ښٌڂَه , "these women" - دَغَه ښٌڂی

"that brother" - هَغَه ورُور , "that sister" - هَغَه خُور , "those sisters" - هَغَه خْوېنْدی

The table below lists the forms of these pronouns in the indirect case.

Number	Singular		Plural
Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Masculine	Feminine
Direct Case	"this, these" - دا
	"this, these" - دَغَه
	"that, those" - هَغَه
Indirect Case	"this, those" - دې
	"this" - دَغَه	"this" - دَغې	"these" - دَغُو
	"that" - هَغٌه	"that" - هَغې	"those" - هَغُو (هَغُوی)

The demonstrative pronoun "that" - هَغَه is also used as a third person personal pronoun.

Demonstrative pronouns agree with nouns in gender, number, and case. Exception: If the pronoun "this" - دا is used with a feminine singular noun with the prepositions پٌه ("in"), پٌر ("on"), with the preposition پٌه and the postposition کی ("in"), or with the preposition پٌر and the postposition بانْدی ("on"), it is in the indirect case while the noun is in the direct case:

"I understood this problem." - زٌه پٌه دې مَسئلَه پُوه شْوٌم

Demonstrative pronouns also have emphatic forms used in informal speech to reinforce an expression, feeling, or action. They are formed by adding the particle هَم :

"this" - دا + هَم → هَمْدا

"this" - دَغَه + هَم → هَمْدَغَه

"that" - هَغَه + هم → هَمْهَغَه or هَماغَه