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Definite Pronouns

Dari has two definite pronouns: هر "every" and همه "all"

"every one," هر کس

"every day," هر روز

"all people." همه مردم

The pronoun همه "all" can be used as a noun:

"all came." همه آمدند

The pronoun هر "every" is never used without the noun or pronoun it qualifies:

"every book" هر کتاب

"whichever" هر کدام

"however much" هرچه

Some Arabic words are in common use in Dari as definite pronouns:

تمام "whole, complete," کلیه "the whole, all," سایر "the rest":

"all of them" تمام آنها

"the whole world" کلیه جهان

"the rest of people" سایر افراد

When these Arabic words qualify nouns, they are followed by the Ezafa. (See The Ezafa.)

In informal speech, it is normal to add the words کس "person" and چیز "thing"

to the pronoun همه "all":

"everyone" همه کس

"everything" همه چیز

See Also:


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