The subjunctive is formed in much the same way as the future tense, but without the -गा -gaa / -गे -ge / -गी gii endings. Therefore, it does not distinguish gender.
See the table given below.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
|
I |
मैं लिखूँ maiN likhuuN |
हम लिखें ham likheN |
|
II |
तू लिखे tuu likhe |
तुम लिखो tum likho आप लिखें aap likheN |
|
III |
यह yeh / वह vo लिखे likhe |
ये ye / वे ve लिखें likheN |
Also like the future tense, the subjunctive mood also has irregular verbs. These verbs are लेना lenaa 'to take' देना denaa 'to give' होना honaa 'to be'.
|
Person |
Singular |
Plural |
||||
|
I |
मैं हूँ maiN huuN |
मैं दूँ maiN duuN |
मैं लूँ maiN luuN |
हम हों ham hoN |
हम दें ham deN |
हम लें ham leN |
|
II |
तू हो tuu ho |
तू दे tuu de |
तू ले tuu le |
तुम हो tum ho आप हों aap hoN |
तुम दो tum do आप दें aap deN |
तुम लो tum lo आप लें aap leN |
|
III |
यह, वह हो yeh, vo ho |
यह, वह दे yeh, vo de |
यह, वह ले yeh, vo le |
ये, वे हों ye, ve hoN |
ये, वे दें ye, ve deN |
ये, वे लें ye, ve leN |
The negative particle used with the subjunctive mood is not नहीं nahiiN but न na.
The subjunctive mood is very wide. It can be used:
1. in expressions of aim
2. in expressions of possibility
3. in expressions of rightness
4. in situations of reflection (with the question 'why not …?')
5. in situations of super-polite request
6. in situations of asking for permission or advice
7. in a subordinate clause of the main negative clause
8. in expressions of necessity or obligation
Examples:
वह दवा पीता है ताकि बीमार न पड़े।
vo davaa piitaa hai taaki biimaar na paRe.
'He takes medicine in order not to fall ill.'
शायद वह बाहर खड़ा हो।
śaayad vo baahar khaRaa ho.
'He must be standing outside.'
उचित है कि माँ-बाप अपने बच्चों को प्यार करें।
ucit hai ki maaN-baap apne baccoN ko pyaar kareN.
'It's right that parents should love their children.'
मैं यह नान क्यों न खाऊँ?
maiN yeh naan kyoN na khaauuN?
'Why not to eat this cookie?'
आप मुझे विश्वविद्यालय का रास्ता कृपया बताएँ।
aap mujhe viśvavidyaalay kaa raastaa kŗpayaa bataaeN.
'Could you please tell me the way to the university?'
मैं दर्वाज़ा खोलूँ?
maiN darvaazaa kholuuN?
'May I open the door?'
मैं नहीं सोचता हूँ कि वह नेक आदमी हो।
maiN nahiiN soctaa huuN ki vo nek aadmii ho.
'I don't think he is a kind man.'
उस से कहिए कि वह चुप रहे!
us se kehie ki vo cup rahe!
'Tell him to keep quiet!'
See Also: