Nouns adopted from the Arabic language can form their plurals in the following ways:
a) By using the ending -ات [-aat]:
Feminine example: "reform" - [islaáh] اِصْلاح → "reforms" - [islaahaát] اِصْلاحات
Masculine example: "track" - [asár] اَثَر → "tracks" - [asaraát] اَثَرات
b) By using the ending -ین [-in] for masculine words:
"student" - [mohasíl] مُحَصِل → "students" - [mohasilín ] مُحَصِلین
c) By using the ending -ون [-un] for masculine words:
"clergyman" - [ruhaaní] رُوحانى → "clergymen" - [ruhaaniyún ] رُوحانیون
d) By using the "broken plural" (in other words, forming the plural by changing the stem):
"award" - [ajár] اَجَر → "awards" - [ajúr] اُجُور
"sparrow" - ['usfúr] عُصْفُور →"sparrows" ['asaafír] عَصافیر
e) By using the ending -ین [-ayn] for the special "dual" form of the plural to denote two of something:
"father" - [abú] ابُو → "parents" - [abuwáyn ] ابُوَین .
Words adopted from the Arabic language can combine several types of endings. For example, they might combine a Pashtun plural, an Arabic plural, and an Arabic broken plural:
"track" - [asár] اثر → "tracks" - Pashtun plural (- [asarúna ] اثرونه )= Arabic plural ([asaraát ] اثرات )= Arabic broken plural ([aasaár] آثار ).
See Also: