|
Name |
Sound |
Sign |
Explanation |
|
mad |
- |
آ |
Placed over the alef to express an initial aa as: آب (aab "water"), آسمان (aasmaan "sky"), آباد (aabaad "settlement"). آ is treated as a separate letter but is not listed in the alphabet. Unlike other signs, this sign is never omitted in writing in the initial position. |
|
hamza |
- |
ء |
Represents the glottal stop like the ع ayn. The internal hamza is written above a bearer: ؤ, أ , ئ as: مسأله (masala "problem"), سئوال (so,aal "question"), مؤمن (mo,men "loyal"). |
|
tanwin |
an |
ً |
Occurs in the Arabic adverbial terminations. Tanwin is pronounced an and must be carried by ا alef as in: مثلاً (masalan "for example"). |
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