Relative Pronoun

The relative pronoun जो jo 'which, who, what' can replace both a noun and an adjective in a sentence.

Ex: जो घबरा रहा है वह जासूस है।

jo ghabraa rahaa hai vo jaasuus hai.

'The one who worries is a spy.' (Literally: 'Who* worries, he* is a spy.')

जो आदमी घबरा रहा है वह जासूस है।

jo aadmii ghabraa rahaa hai vo jaasuus hai.

'The man who worries is a spy.' (Literally: 'Which* man worries, he* is a spy.')

*In these examples, 'who' and 'which' are relative pronouns, and 'he' is the correlative, which must be expressed.

The pronoun जो jo is inflected for case and number. Its case forms are as follows:

	Singular	Plural
Direct	जो jo	जो jo
Oblique	जिस jis	जिन jin

This singular pronoun has a special dative form that is equivalent to the singular oblique form. It is used with the postposition को ko: जिसे jise 'to whom / which' (=जिस को / जिसको jis ko / jisko).

Before the postposition ने ne, the relative pronoun जिन jin has a special form:

जिन्हों (ने) jinhoN (ne). This relative pronoun is widely used in certain types of compound sentences. The structure of such sentences differs from that in English. (See Defining and Non-Defining Relative Clauses for details.)