Postpositions are words which show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and other words. They come after the words they modify. The main postpositions in Pashto are: [ta] تَه , [la] لَه , [lára] لَرَه , [ghúnde] غُونْدی , [ke] کی , [baánde] بانْدی , [laánde] لانْدی , [wrústa] وْرُوسْتَه , [pasé] پَسې , [póre] پُوری , [sará] سَرَه, [tskha] څْخَه , and [na] نَه.
1. The postposition [ta] تَه can represent:
a) the direction of an action:
"I want to go to the village." - زٌه غْواړٌم چی کٌلى تَه وْلاړ شٌم.
b) a connection between some words such as adjectives and verbs, when the actions of the verbs are addressed to the other words:
"Tell me." - ما تَه وُوایَه.
"He showed me a nice picture." - دٌه ما تَه ښایسْتَه رَسْم وُښُود.
"l gave an apple to the girl." - ما نْجٌلۍ تَه مَڼَه وَرْکْړَه .
"near the house" - کور ته نږدې
2. The postpositions [la] لَه and [lára] لَرَه have the same meaning as the postposition above, but are used mostly in eastern dialects.
3. The postposition [ghúnde] غُونْدی expresses a similarity with something:
"This boy looks like Zalmay." - دَغَه هَلٌک زَلْمى غُونْدی ښْکارى .
4. The postposition [ke] کی has the same meaning when used independently as it does when it is used with the preposition [pA] پٌه (see Preposition 1.2).
5. The postposition [baánde] بانْدی is used with the prepositions [pA] پٌه and [pAr] پٌر to represent a location on or above the surface of something, a direction on or above surface of something, time, instrument, and the meaning "about". (See also Preposition 1.3 and Preposition 3.2).
6. The postposition [lánde] لانْدی is used with the preposition [tAr] تٌر to signify a location under something or a direction under something. (See Preposition 2.3).
7. The postposition [wrústa] وْرُوسْتَه is used with the prepositions [tAr] تٌر and [lA] لٌه to mean "after" (in chronological order). (See Preposition 2.2 and Preposition 4.3)
8. The postposition [pasé] پَسې is used with the preposition [pA] پٌه to express the purpose of an action or the act of following somebody. (See Preposition 1.6).
9. The postposition [póre] پُوری in combination with the prepositions [tAr], تٌر and [dA] دٌ represents limits in time and space. (See Preposition 2.3 and Preposition 5.3)
10. The postposition [sará] سَرَه in combination with the prepositions [pA] پٌه , [lA] لٌه , and [dA] دٌ means "with somebody" or "with something". (See Preposition 1.4, Preposition 4.2, and Preposition 5.2.)
11. The postpositions [tskha] څْخَه and [na] نَه with the prepositions [lA] لٌه , [dA] دٌ can denote a starting point or position, a reason for something, or a comparison. (See Preposition 4.1 and Preposition 5.1).
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