Most of these postpositions can be used with both nouns and verbs. They are placed before the word they refer to:
POSTPOSITION + VERB (NOUN)
A noun before a postposition is used in the appropriate case.
The most frequently used postpositions are listed below:
|
Postpositions that refer to verbs |
Postpositions that refer to nouns |
English translations |
Examples |
|
(를) 위하여 (위해, 위해서) |
위한 |
"for", " for the sake of" |
나라를 위하여 죽다 "die for one's country" 나라를 위한 죽음 "death for the sake of one's country" |
|
(를) 통하여 (통해, 통해서) |
통한 |
"through", "throughout" |
전국을 통하여 여행하다 "travel throughout the country" 전국을 통한 여행 "trip all over the country" |
|
(를) 향하여 (형해, 향해서) |
향한 |
"face to", "head to" |
북쪽을 향해 가다 "move toward the North" 북쪽을 향한 길 "road to the North" |
|
(를) 비롯하여 (비롯해서) |
비롯한 |
"beginning with", "including", "headed by" |
국무총리를 비롯한 국무위원 "the Cabinet Members, including the Prime Minister" |
|
(에) 대하여 (대해, 대해서) |
대한 |
"about" |
미국 역사에 대한 책 "the book about the history of the USA" 우리 가족에 대하여 이야기하다 "speak about my family" |
|
(에) 의하여 (의해, 의해서) |
의한 |
"due to", "according to", "by virtue of" |
부주의에 의한 잘못 "mistake due to one's carelessness" 사상은 언어에 의하여 표현된다. "Thoughts are expressed by means of language" |
|
(에) 걸쳐 (걸쳐서) |
걸친 |
"during", "extend" |
월요일부터 금요일에 걸쳐 일하다 "work from Monday to Friday" |
However, some postpositions refer only to verbs. For example: (에) 따라 "according to".
계획에 따라 하다 "act according to the plan"
See Also: